When Should You Use a Wave Metal Washer?

Wave Metal Washers are ideal for situations where light to medium preload, vibration absorption, or axial compensation is required. Their wavy structure compresses smoothly under load, enabling them to maintain tension as components expand, contract, or shift during use. They are commonly used when a joint experiences thermal variation, small assembly tolerances, or dynamic movement that could otherwise cause noise or instability.

Consider using a wave washer when:

You need vibration damping: Motors, pumps, fans, and rotating systems benefit from the cushioning effect created by the washer’s elastic waves.

You want to reduce noise or rattling: The washer stabilizes components that may loosen slightly under vibration.

You require axial clearance compensation: In assemblies such as bearings, shafts, or electronic modules, wave washers maintain consistent pressure even when parts settle over time.

Space is limited: Their thin profile allows them to provide spring force without the height of traditional coil springs or conical washers.

Types of Wave Metal Washers

Wave metal washers are available in several structural forms, each designed to address specific performance needs. The most common types include:

Single-Wave Washers

These contain one complete wave form.

Provide light spring force

Suitable for compact assemblies and low-deflection needs

Used in small motors, sensors, and miniature mechanisms

Multi-Wave Washers

These use multiple wave curves around the circumference.

Provide higher deflection and more consistent load distribution

Reduce stress concentration

Ideal for assemblies requiring smoother load transitions

Nested or Stacked Wave Washers

Multiple washers are stacked to increase load capacity.

Allow customization of stiffness

Used in high-performance systems where tailored preload is needed

Bearing Preload Wave Washers

Designed specifically to maintain axial load on ball bearings.

Reduce bearing noise

Improve rotational stability

Compensate for thermal expansion in dynamic assemblies

What Is the Difference Between a Spring Washer and a Wave Metal Washer?

Although both components provide elastic force, their design intent and mechanical behavior are different:

Wave metal washers are precision-engineered spring components designed to provide controlled elastic force in bolted assemblies. Their defining feature—one or more wave-like curves around the washer’s circumference—allows them to deliver flexible preload without requiring large installation space. Compared with standard spring washers, wave washers excel in applications where small deflection, vibration damping, and smooth axial movement are more important than high locking force.